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00:00:26,91 --> 00:00:31,46
This looks pretty serious little
sister is really giving her all

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and she has good reason to be serious
because she thinks she's writing.

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Well she is writing using one of the
earliest forms of writing known to man to

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express something she has on her mind.

5
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Writing is an important art
and that this little girl

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and millions of other small
children expect to be successful

7
00:00:54,89 --> 00:00:59,74
when they grow up they have to
learn to write clearly and rapidly

8
00:01:01,86 --> 00:01:07,93
and this is the first step little sister
is making a very hard job of it because

9
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this is hard work for her it would be hard
work for all of us if we had to think

10
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consciously as little children do of every
move our hand in our make as we write

11
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writing would be almost impossible if
we had to think every time a muscle

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contracted are relaxed.

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Every time and change direction
for a curve or to push

14
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or pull to form a letter just try
it yourself sometime in front of a

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mirror.

16
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Fortunately it doesn't take long for any
of us with the help of our teachers to

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learn to write rapidly legibly

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and easily we learn how to

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make marks on paper the two.

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Well

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but we're thinking about the tell others
how we feel about them transferring our

22
00:02:06,60 --> 00:02:12,45
thoughts without a spoken word we
can write notes on what we're doing

23
00:02:12,45 --> 00:02:14,31
that can be read many years from now

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00:02:18,08 --> 00:02:22,13
and we can use the magic of writing to send
our thoughts to friends in any part of

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the world yet each of us started out
where little children start by drawing

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pictures

27
00:02:31,64 --> 00:02:35,43
and the childish drawings are only a little
different from the picture writing of

28
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many thousands of years ago this ancient
picture writings scratched with a bit of

29
00:02:41,20 --> 00:02:46,21
playing on a piece of slate tells of a
battle with a mammoth picture writing did

30
00:02:46,21 --> 00:02:48,38
well enough for recording a simple fact.

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But it could never be used for a clear
expression of a thought or an idea.

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00:02:55,17 --> 00:02:59,68
While some people were still recording of
dance with pictures the ancient Egyptian

33
00:02:59,68 --> 00:03:02,81
developed a form of writing
called hieroglyphics

34
00:03:02,81 --> 00:03:05,44
that was capable of expressing everything

35
00:03:05,44 --> 00:03:12,38
that could be told by the spoken
word the Egyptians also wrote in

36
00:03:12,38 --> 00:03:16,20
pictures but now each picture stood
for the sound of a syllable.

37
00:03:17,45 --> 00:03:18,53
This was a big improvement

38
00:03:19,32 --> 00:03:24,92
and it was made tactical bar every day use
by him to me were writing the read write

39
00:03:25,92 --> 00:03:28,09
down the Polish McLaren's
and on which they wrote

40
00:03:29,50 --> 00:03:33,34
but the pirates from which we get
our word paper was very expensive

41
00:03:34,95 --> 00:03:36,54
and the read brush wore out quickly

42
00:03:36,54 --> 00:03:42,52
and had to be replaced this kind of writing
was slow because each character had to

43
00:03:42,52 --> 00:03:46,44
be carefully drawn it
was all Nomar do read

44
00:03:46,44 --> 00:03:51,09
and write because so many different pictures
were needed to express every syllable

45
00:03:51,09 --> 00:03:57,68
in the language with the passage of
time the Egyptians went to a nearby a

46
00:03:57,68 --> 00:03:59,91
landmine comma and Democrats.

47
00:04:00,00 --> 00:04:00,28
Jim

48
00:04:01,59 --> 00:04:07,12
and from the surrounding desert they hired
the to right to help with this mining the

49
00:04:07,13 --> 00:04:10,40
steerage found it was necessary to
keep accounts of the work they did

50
00:04:10,40 --> 00:04:12,40
and the pay that was due them

51
00:04:13,41 --> 00:04:19,58
but Egyptian writing was much too complicated
told probably with the help of a

52
00:04:19,58 --> 00:04:26,28
friendly Egyptian scribe the derides
developed the world's first pure alphabet.

53
00:04:27,72 --> 00:04:32,61
Their first letter was a crudely drawn
head of an ox in their language an ox was

54
00:04:32,61 --> 00:04:37,80
called an Elf which we spelled H L B H M.

55
00:04:37,82 --> 00:04:40,29
So this picture stood for the sound of H.

56
00:04:42,65 --> 00:04:47,08
Their second letter was drawn in the form
of the courtyard route which they called

57
00:04:47,08 --> 00:04:53,38
them. Tell me eighty though this letter
was given the sound of our letter B.

58
00:04:54,70 --> 00:04:59,61
From the deride names of these two letters
element that came our word out for

59
00:04:59,61 --> 00:05:03,97
that there is much resemblance
here to our age and the

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00:05:04,72 --> 00:05:10,59
but in just a minute you see what happened
the change business needs called the

61
00:05:10,59 --> 00:05:12,11
beginning of the first alphabet

62
00:05:12,88 --> 00:05:18,23
and business activity called the alphabet
to spread the been Asians descend into

63
00:05:18,23 --> 00:05:24,20
the to right with a traveling salesman
of their day in their great ships they

64
00:05:24,20 --> 00:05:28,03
sailed over the Mediterranean trading
with the people who lived on a show

65
00:05:28,03 --> 00:05:33,65
or carrying their version of the Spirit
alphabet to their Greek customers

66
00:05:36,17 --> 00:05:38,07
and the Greeks made changes in the letters

67
00:05:38,07 --> 00:05:44,07
that the Phoenicians brought to make of
the Venetian out and stood on a seat.

68
00:05:45,59 --> 00:05:46,72
They took just the nation that

69
00:05:48,02 --> 00:05:54,64
and changed it to parents to all through
the alphabet they were unifying of each

70
00:05:54,64 --> 00:05:59,86
character but cutting straight lines
wherever they could this was big.

71
00:06:00,00 --> 00:06:05,31
It was most of the writing material it
lacked to have it in the style of the hard

72
00:06:05,31 --> 00:06:05,60
stone

73
00:06:05,60 --> 00:06:12,26
and the chisel made the cutting of her very
difficult rapid slow comfortable writing

74
00:06:12,26 --> 00:06:19,20
was still many centuries away in
time the Greeks became the great

75
00:06:19,20 --> 00:06:21,91
world trade and with them to Rome

76
00:06:21,91 --> 00:06:28,17
when their alphabet the Romans in their
turn changed the alphabet until a became

77
00:06:28,17 --> 00:06:32,44
very much like the twenty six
old characters we used today

78
00:06:35,07 --> 00:06:38,75
or thousands of years the world with
them writing only in capital letters

79
00:06:39,82 --> 00:06:46,71
but with the invention of the reed pen the
Romans began another chain the reed then

80
00:06:46,71 --> 00:06:50,90
made it easy to move across the Paris
without stopping at the end of each letter

81
00:06:51,92 --> 00:06:56,87
over the first time letters were joined
together and writing was much faster

82
00:06:58,45 --> 00:07:02,69
but in connecting the letters
their appearance was changed and

83
00:07:02,69 --> 00:07:04,92
that was the beginning of our small letter

84
00:07:22,00 --> 00:07:24,25
the next big change
came in the Middle Ages

85
00:07:25,00 --> 00:07:29,32
and again the tools used in writing
had an influence on the change

86
00:07:31,65 --> 00:07:36,22
manuscripts then were being written on
calfskin which was called Bella from the

87
00:07:36,22 --> 00:07:37,97
same root the gave us the word veal

88
00:07:38,95 --> 00:07:43,50
and the writing was done with quill usually
made from the wing feathers of deal

89
00:07:44,50 --> 00:07:45,49
with these expensive

90
00:07:45,49 --> 00:07:49,86
and the barrier writing materials
than writing became of fine art

91
00:07:51,60 --> 00:07:52,46
but it was very slow

92
00:07:53,31 --> 00:07:57,77
and these heavy fancy letters
were also extremely hard to read

93
00:07:58,96 --> 00:07:59,95
and over the quill pen.

94
00:08:00,00 --> 00:08:03,39
And was the best writing tool
available it wore out quickly

95
00:08:04,09 --> 00:08:10,51
and was easily broken with the passage of
more centuries the affairs of the world

96
00:08:10,51 --> 00:08:16,60
and the end of the more convenient writing
to more speed in which ability paper was

97
00:08:16,60 --> 00:08:17,59
now comparatively cheap

98
00:08:18,50 --> 00:08:25,25
and gradually the quill was abandoned in
favor of the new steel band even before

99
00:08:25,25 --> 00:08:29,92
the American Revolution the you peons
were being made by hand and friends

100
00:08:30,89 --> 00:08:35,56
and this better writing to began to have
an effect on the kind of writing people

101
00:08:35,56 --> 00:08:42,26
you gradually there came in to use a
new method of handwriting an elaborate

102
00:08:42,26 --> 00:08:44,43
style with many parishes and a scroll.

103
00:08:46,06 --> 00:08:46,91
This was pastor

104
00:08:46,91 --> 00:08:50,04
and easier to read than the
manuscript writing of the Middle Ages

105
00:08:50,04 --> 00:08:53,53
but each letter still had
to be carefully drawn

106
00:08:55,46 --> 00:08:59,62
when people tried to make these fancy
letters in a hurry. This is what happened.

107
00:09:01,35 --> 00:09:06,22
Writing tools were still far from
the one thing the ink used at

108
00:09:06,22 --> 00:09:12,70
that time quickly corroded depend point
this lead to the manufacture of gold band

109
00:09:12,70 --> 00:09:18,23
points with very elegant hold
the gold points didn't corrode

110
00:09:19,02 --> 00:09:20,08
but they were so expensive

111
00:09:20,08 --> 00:09:22,69
that most people kept
on using the Steelmen

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00:09:25,81 --> 00:09:29,55
and in spite of all the years that
it since the invention of writing.

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00:09:30,36 --> 00:09:37,25
There was still the UN's our problem of
convenience and there's no time to lose.

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00:09:37,43 --> 00:09:42,26
Mr Jenks this issue is being snapped up
by some of the biggest investors in the

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00:09:42,26 --> 00:09:42,59
country.

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00:10:00,00 --> 00:10:02,18
Mr Bradford I never thought
I'd live to see the day

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when I'd be investing in a railroad you're
doing a live thing the world is changing

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00:10:08,34 --> 00:10:12,56
rapidly. Everyone's demanding more
and more speed and everything.

119
00:10:13,77 --> 00:10:18,23
The smart ones the ones who get in on the
ground floor are going to make the big

120
00:10:18,23 --> 00:10:21,27
props. Yes I think I agree with you all.

121
00:10:21,27 --> 00:10:24,85
If you have something for me to
sign onto it now. Excellent.

122
00:10:24,85 --> 00:10:27,13
Mr Jenkins you'll never regret this

123
00:10:46,57 --> 00:10:50,82
now. And now I will have to postpone
our business the game has dried up.

124
00:10:51,12 --> 00:10:53,05
Not at all Mr Jenkins not at all.

125
00:10:55,31 --> 00:10:55,82
Here's a pen

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00:10:58,18 --> 00:11:08,56
and here's the here

127
00:11:08,57 --> 00:11:15,45
was the ink Yazid pretty easy
to see why many attempts

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00:11:15,45 --> 00:11:17,27
were made to develop a pen

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00:11:17,27 --> 00:11:23,93
that would carry its own supply of veins
in one of these early efforts the

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00:11:23,93 --> 00:11:26,81
param got it. Shot of writing
fluid from a medicine dropper.

131
00:11:28,09 --> 00:11:32,51
This worked well enough at times but often

132
00:11:32,51 --> 00:11:36,38
when the pan went dry the medicine
dropper was someplace else.

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00:11:37,38 --> 00:11:42,90
No medicine driver knowing knowing.

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00:11:46,64 --> 00:11:50,60
Well I suppose it was pretty hard to
keep your temper when things like

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00:11:50,60 --> 00:11:51,37
that happened.

136
00:11:53,00 --> 00:11:58,76
Then along came the idea of letting the
pan carry its own medicine dropper a slit

137
00:11:58,76 --> 00:11:59,79
was made in the barrel.

138
00:12:00,82 --> 00:12:05,84
So that when a coin was poised and
the rubber sack was pressed and

139
00:12:05,85 --> 00:12:12,32
when it was released the rubber sack filled
with ink. This worked all right too.

140
00:12:12,34 --> 00:12:15,46
Until Well maybe you guessed

141
00:12:15,46 --> 00:12:38,20
that even

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00:12:38,20 --> 00:12:40,95
after thousands of years
of writing progress.

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00:12:41,00 --> 00:12:46,81
That's more or less the way
things work then one day

144
00:12:46,81 --> 00:12:51,18
and I would jeweller took the step that
made the fountain pen a practical tool.

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00:12:51,52 --> 00:12:55,92
What he did was to put a lever on the
barrel to do the job of the coin

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00:12:55,92 --> 00:12:57,30
that was too often missing.

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00:12:58,21 --> 00:12:59,97
This was the foreign word step

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00:13:01,00 --> 00:13:05,54
that brings us up to the present in this
story of that twenty six old characters

149
00:13:06,44 --> 00:13:07,19
and the tools

150
00:13:07,19 --> 00:13:13,08
that have influenced their development
today the fountain ban like every other

151
00:13:13,08 --> 00:13:20,08
improved writing tool in history is causing
changes in the way we write making

152
00:13:20,08 --> 00:13:26,36
it easier faster and better adding
to the permanence of writing.

153
00:13:27,93 --> 00:13:29,77
Let's take a closer look at this tool

154
00:13:29,77 --> 00:13:35,21
that has resulted from so many centuries
of progress at first glance there doesn't

155
00:13:35,21 --> 00:13:36,56
seem to be much to it.

156
00:13:38,12 --> 00:13:43,96
This is a chamber to hold the NG with a
lever develop this feed system carries the

157
00:13:43,96 --> 00:13:46,64
ink from the supply chamber
to the band point.

158
00:13:47,85 --> 00:13:49,65
This is the gold pen point

159
00:13:49,65 --> 00:13:55,53
that does the actual writing down there

160
00:13:55,53 --> 00:13:58,18
and use a plunger instead
of the lever for failing.

161
00:14:00,73 --> 00:14:01,38
Through small

162
00:14:01,38 --> 00:14:05,77
but continual improvement in design the
modern fountain pen is the cleanest

163
00:14:06,50 --> 00:14:10,23
and most convenient tool ever
developed for permanent handwriting.

164
00:14:11,73 --> 00:14:13,65
For example how is a Pen designed so

165
00:14:13,65 --> 00:14:17,72
that the ink will not leak out into
your pocket or onto your fingers.

166
00:14:19,82 --> 00:14:23,42
The answer is in the large
size of the feed chamber.

167
00:14:23,44 --> 00:14:26,95
When the air inside the pan is
expanded by the heat of the hand

168
00:14:26,95 --> 00:14:32,52
or body the ink has plenty of room to
go instead of flowing out on your hand

169
00:14:32,52 --> 00:14:39,11
or into your pocket the modern
pan can go a long time between

170
00:14:39,11 --> 00:14:42,76
drinks and to get the very best out of it.

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00:14:42,85 --> 00:14:49,28
There is an expert way of filling a
pan just open and close the lever.

172
00:14:50,11 --> 00:14:54,63
But then let the points stay
in the riding fluid fault

173
00:14:54,63 --> 00:15:00,23
and seconds with the plunger type
filler. It's a little different.

174
00:15:01,73 --> 00:15:05,01
You might think of when the plunger
is pulled out the pan would fail

175
00:15:06,51 --> 00:15:10,75
but you see it doesn't happen that
way. Well then what's the trick.

176
00:15:12,55 --> 00:15:16,55
Just watch that the goal point is
immersed completely in the writing fluid

177
00:15:17,59 --> 00:15:18,83
and the plunger is processed

178
00:15:18,83 --> 00:15:21,93
and prone several times this
place is out everything

179
00:15:21,93 --> 00:15:27,08
and at the same time create a
strong vacuum then push the plunger

180
00:15:28,07 --> 00:15:29,29
and wait for ten seconds.

181
00:15:29,58 --> 00:15:34,97
So the pen can drink its fill hours about

182
00:15:34,97 --> 00:15:40,98
and then design so the ink flows smoothly
without interruption at exactly the rate

183
00:15:40,98 --> 00:15:44,50
you need it actually without knowing it.

184
00:15:44,52 --> 00:15:50,75
You yourself control of flow by hand
measuring the exact amount depending on how

185
00:15:50,75 --> 00:15:56,16
fast you write this fluid control works
by what is known as capillary action

186
00:15:57,47 --> 00:15:59,54
capillary action sounds
a little complicated.

187
00:16:00,00 --> 00:16:03,16
But all I could die about
and then depend on it.

188
00:16:05,09 --> 00:16:10,57
An old fashioned lamp makes it easy to
wonder stand a kerosene lamp burns because

189
00:16:10,57 --> 00:16:11,00
on oil.

190
00:16:11,04 --> 00:16:16,95
Climbs up the wake from the bowl the oil
is carried up the way by a capillary

191
00:16:16,95 --> 00:16:22,43
action in the small fires of the cloth
This principle has been applied to all

192
00:16:22,43 --> 00:16:24,04
modern fountain pens.

193
00:16:25,25 --> 00:16:31,57
But in the place of a wig the fountain pen
has grooves in the most highly developed

194
00:16:31,57 --> 00:16:37,72
fluid control the writing fluid gravels
down the inside of the feed rises to the

195
00:16:37,72 --> 00:16:39,22
piers and later the point

196
00:16:39,22 --> 00:16:45,11
and then down the point then as the anchor
on the point is used up capillary action

197
00:16:46,02 --> 00:16:50,95
regulated by your own individual speed of
writing brings price fluid to take its

198
00:16:50,95 --> 00:16:57,83
place. Don't no matter how fast you write
your fountain pen can keep up with you.

199
00:16:58,69 --> 00:17:03,91
In fact the fastest handwriting in the
world today is done with fountain pens.

200
00:17:06,16 --> 00:17:08,30
I believe he is the kind of them ploy.

201
00:17:08,56 --> 00:17:09,11
We need here

202
00:17:10,74 --> 00:17:17,39
but since I want to be absolutely sure I
ask him to come back again next week.

203
00:17:19,87 --> 00:17:24,45
Thanks a lot for sending a
man. Regards and so forth.

204
00:17:27,13 --> 00:17:27,66
That's all for now.

205
00:17:27,77 --> 00:17:33,64
Simpson just as everyone in the world
is different from everyone else.

206
00:17:33,71 --> 00:17:36,93
No two people in the world.
Right exactly alike.

207
00:17:38,73 --> 00:17:42,72
No one else in the world writes
the way you do it's something

208
00:17:42,72 --> 00:17:48,82
that marks you as different even
before your very special letter to

209
00:17:48,82 --> 00:17:54,90
that varies special person is opened
that special person knows it's from you.

210
00:17:56,86 --> 00:17:59,46
Each person's handwriting
is so individual.

211
00:18:00,00 --> 00:18:05,78
Even strangers can tell who the writer is
handwriting experts can identify people

212
00:18:07,11 --> 00:18:12,98
as a zillion as fingerprint experts do
can identify people by their signatures

213
00:18:12,98 --> 00:18:19,80
alone a bank clerk will cash a check
because he recognizes the signature

214
00:18:19,80 --> 00:18:22,73
all oh he may never have
seen the deposit or

215
00:18:24,46 --> 00:18:26,69
and perhaps your teacher
has never met your father

216
00:18:27,83 --> 00:18:34,45
but chinos his signature individual
differences in handwriting make

217
00:18:34,45 --> 00:18:38,44
possible many of the activities
upon which the world depends.

218
00:18:39,93 --> 00:18:45,19
And because writing is so important people
form opinions of you by the way you

219
00:18:45,19 --> 00:18:52,13
write even now your handwriting is
having its effect on you for example

220
00:18:52,13 --> 00:18:56,86
scribbled written work makes it difficult
for teachers to concentrate on what

221
00:18:56,86 --> 00:18:57,38
you've written

222
00:18:58,34 --> 00:19:02,30
but if you write clearly the writing
doesn't have to be deciphered

223
00:19:02,30 --> 00:19:07,64
and all of the teacher's attention can be
given to your expression of what you've

224
00:19:07,64 --> 00:19:12,09
learned today as throughout history.

225
00:19:13,22 --> 00:19:19,96
Writing is influenced by the kind of writing
tools used for one thing good than is

226
00:19:19,96 --> 00:19:23,98
important because it should
be alive time investment

227
00:19:25,88 --> 00:19:29,08
and if you find it hard to
write clearly and comfortably.

228
00:19:29,45 --> 00:19:33,98
It may be because the pan you have
doesn't fit your writing style.

229
00:19:36,70 --> 00:19:39,30
So if you show your handwriting to a store

230
00:19:39,30 --> 00:19:45,39
that carries fine found in vans you can
find out what point is best for you

231
00:19:46,85 --> 00:19:53,77
a pen point can be found as to your
particularly style of writing the feel

232
00:19:53,77 --> 00:19:59,80
of the pan is a result of the hand grinding
and tempering of the long wearing goal.

233
00:20:00,00 --> 00:20:04,66
Point itself and the way it
is shaped from tip to heel

234
00:20:05,60 --> 00:20:09,18
and just as there is a pan
point for every writing style.

235
00:20:09,46 --> 00:20:13,18
There are pan points for
different kinds of writing jobs

236
00:20:32,70 --> 00:20:33,30
you've seen

237
00:20:33,30 --> 00:20:40,15
and heard a very brief story of two
great inventions are simple easy to use

238
00:20:40,15 --> 00:20:42,47
alphabet and a tool

239
00:20:42,47 --> 00:20:48,14
that has played such a big part in the
use of these twenty six old characters

240
00:20:50,31 --> 00:20:55,91
but even today in some parts of the WERE
own handwriting is still complicated.

241
00:20:57,03 --> 00:20:59,58
Here's a message for you in Chinese.

242
00:21:02,00 --> 00:21:04,37
This is the way an Arab
writes the same thing

243
00:21:09,94 --> 00:21:13,11
while Welshman writes
it this way and Galen.

244
00:21:19,75 --> 00:21:22,75
Maybe you'd like to know why
this message looks like inning.

245
00:21:28,71 --> 00:21:29,20
Here it is.